Hopkins Telescope(endoscope ) & video camera

Hopkins Telescope :

Telescope invented by hopkins in 1953.

And telescope is the single most expensive unit in the optics.this is used in endoscope surgery like laparoscopy, cystoscopy, thoracoscopy, arthroscopy, rhinoplasty, ureteroscopy etc.The telescope is connected with a video camera and records the video of diagnostic procedure and surgery. 

Telescope has two parts one part of telescope is rod lanes and another is fibre optics. Inside of the telescope is rod lanes surrounded by the fibre optics

Telescope part has eyepiece, light adopter and shaft, object lanes for taking image.

                      Rigid telescope 

Telescope has three important properties :

1.Diameter 

2.Optical axis

3.No. of rod lanes

If more number of rod lanes have better resolution. 

If more diameter is there combined with light give big view feild of vision. 

And optical axis is between the longitudinal axis and centre of the field of vision. 

-Diameter of telescope started from     1.5mm to 15mm

1.5mm telescope is used by urologist which is called ureteroscope for put in the ureter for ureter stone and other ureter diagnostic procedure and also through the channel of ureteroscope insert laser and break the stone and another channel for water irrigation. 

1.8mm telescope is called versa scope which is used by gynecologist or urologist for cystoscopy. 

4mm telescope is called hysteroscope as well as cystoscope if this telescope used by gynecologist is called hysteroscope and if used by urologist then its called cystoscope.and reason of 4mm is in this telescope over out inside the sheet for irrigation and distension for surgical cavity.

5mm is actually are laparoscope but this laparoscope can only be used for simple procedure like diagnostic laparoscopic ovarian drilling, simple tubule potency test field of vision will be small

7mm telescope is used for single punture sterilization. 

10mm telescope is standard laparoscope and lapro means abdomen and scope means visualization.it is used for almost all abdominal surgery like cholecystecyomy and appendectomy, hysterectomy. 

12mm telescope is used for robotic surgery 12mm telescope is not called laparoscope there is called as stereoscope that means have two rod lanes and two eye piece and they give completely binocular 3- D vision. 

15mm telescope is used for cancer surgery and big feild of vision. 

-Second properties is Optical axis:

Optical axis started from 0° to 120° (degree) is longitudinal axis between centre of the field of vision, optical axis angle between the longitudinal axis and center of the field of vision.

In 30° telescope there is oblique cut and center of the vision go 30° oblique. It has forward oblique telescope 30° and colour code of this telescope is red colour.

In 0° telescope in this perpendicular cut and give straight filed of vision.straight forward telescope 0° and colour code of this telescope is green colour. 

45° degree used for thoracoscopy and also used in bariatric surgery. 

120° is called reverse view telescope some time urologist to see bladder neck.

-Third properties of telescope is rod lanes:

Different types of telescope are available some telescope have 8no. Of rod lanes and some telescope have 10no. Of rod lanes.prism inside the telescope. More prism are present less gap inside there and more resolution are formed. 

And camera had two properties :

First is camera head and another is camera processes. 

Now camera head a two part one part is called copular and another is CCD (charge couple device )

Copular has two function it was copular camera with the CCD another is focusing. 

Alone CCD cannot show any image our will attache copular then we can focus and we can see that this is the function of the copular 

Two types of camera head are available :

                       Camera head

-Single CCD ( single chip)

-Three CCD (three chip)

Single chip are three primary coloured red blue and green that is called RGP all the colour going with single electronic. 

In three CCD have three chip one for red another for blue and last for green so, the colour is better. 

White balance :

In which camera is adding counter impurities to remove added impurity. 

Disclaimer :  This content for education purpose only and is not intended as a medical advice while we strive for 100% accuracy, error may occur, technology and protocols can change over time.